http://www.chinapage.com/painting/jiaobingzhen/jiao06.html
此画现收藏于美国华盛顿史密斯基金会,网上有种说法,说此画藏于德国,这是不正确的。此画也未曾在英国皇家学会与中国故宫博物院联合主办的康雍乾三朝展览中出现过,那次展览的宣传画册pdf文件存于本论坛版务区,有兴趣的朋友可以移步下载浏览:http://www.ourjg.com/bbs/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=24&replyID=24493&id=3088&skin=0
此画的左下端,有康雍间宫廷画家焦秉贞的绘款(“臣焦秉贞恭画”六字及小章,大家打开图片仔细看左下角,虽然很小,但仍依稀可见。)。焦秉贞,字尔正,生于山东济宁,最初以钦天监五品正身份供奉内廷,每一幅作品都在胡敬《国朝院画录》,张征《国朝画征录》与乾隆《石渠宝笈》中有存档,与详细的文字介绍。康熙二十八年(1689)年,作《池上篇画意》,同年为康熙绘《佩文耕织图》,此为焦秉贞作品开始录入清档之开始。雍正四年,即1726年,清档中出现了焦秉贞最后一份作品,即“张照像”,背景惜未完成,由蒋廷锡补绘。(http://www.1368-1644.com/bbs/attachments/vbmxNXqvaNog==_nUqCsCqaWB4u.jpg)该作品右上首有:雍正四年二月五日画似得天先生小照大兴焦秉贞字样。左上首有:“南沙蒋廷锡为司寇先生补景”字样。迄今为止,焦秉贞就再未有1726年之后的作品被发现(乾隆三十五年《耕织图》决非焦秉贞所绘,网上的这种说法也不正确,完全没有可能性)。雍正五年,出现了怀念焦秉贞之能的诗,所以我们有充足的理由认为,焦在雍正四年结束之前病逝,或者离开了宫廷画院。
史密斯基金会注明此画完成于1723-1726年之间的原因就在于此。焦秉贞(JiaoBingzhen,或翻译作ChiaoBingChen)最后供奉于雍正朝只有这三,四年而已。这幅画根据史密斯基金会的资料库介绍,应是这三年期间,由雍正出资,为怡亲王的健康设醮于宫院之内(并非怡亲王府),兹录原文如下:
(内部资料库,不对外开放,且资料设置保护,不能复制粘贴,以下由大白菜录入)
The Yonzheng Emperor's Nephew at a Daoist Ceremony for the Recovery of his Father
1723-1726
Attributed to JiaoBingzhen,(Chinese,Chinese,active1689-1726),Qing dynasty.China.
seal:"JiaoBingzhenyin".
Sig:"ChenJiaoBingzhenGonghua".
Hanging scroll;ink and colors on silk
H:356.0W:161.0cm
Purchase—Smithsonian Collections Acquisition Program,and partial gift of Richard
G.Pritzlaff,S1991.99
For the recovery of PrinceYi, the Emperor Yongzheng offered a contribution to hold
a Daoist ceremony at the imperial court.
为了怡亲王身体痊愈,雍正皇帝出资,在宫中开设道场。
(焦秉贞个人的英文介绍部分省略不录,大家可在google搜索浏览其人生平)
原文中对于宫廷设醮的解释:
This hanging scroll depicts a Taoist ritual at the court of the Qing dynasty in Beijing.
On the altar, an aristocrat kneels beside the Taoist priest leading the ceremony, who is shown under an umbrella. Four additional priests of lower rank stand to the sides. Below the altar, there is an orchestra of chimes, bells, and wind instruments playing music, an essential part of many Taoist rituals.
The most distinctive feature of this ritual is the altar, made from three levels of stacked tables. Taoist altars were usually made of pressed earth. These traditional earthen altars resemble the one shown here in that they were often temporary structures that would be dismantled after the ritual.
The ritual depicted here was probably a repentance (zhai) ceremony. In such a ceremony, the participants would confess their faults and perform different acts of contrition.
(雍正皇帝生平省略不录)
(怡亲王生平省略不录)
(捐献此画者Richard G. Pritzlaff生平省略不录)
焦秉贞的作品以仕女、人物、花鸟,风景为主,此处有美人弈棋图一幅,超大清晰,可供大家欣赏:http://go.yenching.edu.hk/0035.htm